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2024 Robots & Game Animation

Ultraviolet — 2024 robot

Team 3847

Ultraviolet

  • 4events
  • 38-8-0quals
  • #1/42best rank
  • 7awards
Season Hardware
Photon 8515 — 2024 robot

Photon 8515 — development team

Photon 8515

  • 2events
  • 14-10-0quals
  • #6/31best rank
  • 2awards
Season Hardware

How Crescendo worked

FIRST's official game animation for the 2024 season.

Spectrum 3847 | Build Blog 2024

 Welcome to our 2024 Build Blog. This is the 13th year of the blog. Our 2024 robot will be named “Ultraviolet 2024”

2024 Season Resources


Resources


Spectrum Design Guidelines 2024

We created some guidelines from our past experiences and design discussion over the fall. These aren’t rules so it’s possible and likely that we will break some of these but they are here to remind us that we may be going down a bad path if we are having to compromise on many of them. These are specific to our team, it’s entirely possible to build very competitive robots while doing things extremely different from us.


  • Don't do list

    • Don't be that far off the Meta design

      • If you're doing something real weird, stop and think real hard about it.

      • Does the advantage you think you are getting actually matter? Will it matter on Einstein?

    • No launching during pick and place games

    • No scissor lifts

    • No pinch/claw intake

      • Always spinning intakes with active eject when possible

    • No pink arms (Telescoping arm with center pivot)

    • No picking up flat objects at a steep angle

      • Did it in 17 and 18 and it was a mistake both times

    • No ramp bots

      • platforms/forks are okay, teams are very bad at driving up ramps

    • No Mecanum, h-drive, kiwi/Omni/x-drive, tank treads

    • No 6-32 bolts (4-40 and 8-32 will almost always work)

    • No pneumatics (20 motor slots now)

    • No small motors, no brushed motors

      • only NEOs/Vortex/Falcons/Krakens

      • no NEO55, 775pro, etc

    • No motors in rollers/tubes designs (neat but hard to maintain)

    • No lightening patterns

      • Waste time

      • Easier to bend or break

      • Doesn't save enough weight, use thinner materials instead

      • If you have to, circles work great and our fast (see 1114 2011-16)

    • No bumper or frame gaps (unless rules don’t allow extensions)

      • This prevents your frame from getting bent 

      • allows bumpers to take all impacts properly.

    • Don’t chase magic numbers

      • If there is only a single optimized dimension where your mechanisms function that normally means it’s not going to maintain throughout the season. Especially if one direction makes part of the mechanism easier and the other makes another part easier, trying to find that perfect balance is very difficult.

      • This could be an intake opening, a specific hood angle, etc.

  • Fasteners

    • 10-32 socket head

      • Alloy steel, zinc or black oxide coated

      • Nylock nuts or Nylock jam nuts, no regular nuts

      • Button or flat head when needed

    • 3/16 multi-grip rivets

      • Steel mandrel, aluminum head

      • Dome or countersunk

    • Use other bolt sizes sparingly only when required by some cots part or size requirements 

  • Use COTS parts effectively 

    • Besides cut plates, prints, standoffs, rollers, etc

  • Materials

    • REV MAXTube or other pre-drilled tube any sizes

      • 1/16” wall 1x2,2x2 when MAX pattern doesn’t work

      • ⅛” wall drivetrain tube

    • 1/16" or .09”, 0.25” aluminum

      • Can bend flanges for more strength

    • 1/16", ⅛", 6mm polycarb

    • ½" & ⅜" Rounded Hex Shaft

      • REV Rounded Hex ½” and 10-32 Spacer stock

      • WCP ⅜” rounded hex (7075)

    • REV MAXSpline shaft

    • Polycarb, PACF filaments

      • Don’t use PLA on comp robot mechanical parts, covers,etc is fine. (It works but we had issues with cracking last year)

  • ⅛in steel belly pan 

    • help with CG

    • unless we think we will need the weight other places

  • Swerve 

    • MK4i, L3 (likely)

  • Bumpers

    • ¾" Baltic Birch plywood (don't use cheap plywood)

    • Solid core round noodles

    • Nylon fabric

    • Large numbers for larger surface area

    • Bolts hold brackets to the wood, not wood screws

  • Use a mounting rail structure like 3538-2023 when possible

    • allows for clean belly pan electronics

    • Allows for mounting intake plates, etc all the way to the corners which is harder with the MK4i modules.

    • Allows for more cross bars if needed

    • Side plates can be enlarged for 2337-2022 style mounting

  • Handles

    • Handles should be integrated into the robot so that’s easy to carry on and off the field and allows more students to lift the robot easily

    • 2023 offseason handles - https://www.mcmaster.com/1897A52/

  • Power transmission

    • High torque/low speed

      • #25 chain, turnbuckle tensioners

      • MAXPlanetary+motor

      • MAX 90s work well

    • High speed

      • Motor pulley pinion

      • 5mm belt

      • 15mm wide when possible, 9mm if space is needed, much harder to rip 15mm

    • No Pneumatics

    • Support the end of motor output shafts with a bearing when possible

  • Shafts

    • ½” hex and MAXSpline shaft when possible.

    • Snap rings are good

      • Light, easy, reliable

      • Better to have snap rings and tapped 10-32 with washer in the ends 

    • Bearings for all fast motion

      • Launchers, intakes 

    • Bushings for slow motion is ok

      • Arms, wrists, pivots, etc.

  • Electrical

    • Battery

      • Flat mount battery on belly pan if at all possible

      • Battery strap with metal buckle

      • Zip tie battery connector every match

      • Leads always point up, NEVER to the side

      • 4 AWG wire

      • Blue Anderson SB120

    • Main breaker

      • NEVER OPTIFUSE!

      • Nord-Lock and Lock Nuts ¼”-28

      • 3D printed breaker shroud

    • 8-12 AWG for all motors

    • 18 AWG for device/aux power

    • 24 AWG for sensor wire

    • Inline Wagos for power

      • Kraken ring terminals direct to PDH

    • Inline dual clear lever nuts for can and signal/low current wires

      • 2 to 6 for swerve

      • 3 lever for LEDs, other sensors

    • Slim Ethernet cables

    • Mount radio above bumpers and away (6in +) from motors

    • Hot glue Ethernet and non-locking connectors

    • LED strips should be visible from all sides of the robot.

    • Cameras

      • Limelight for aiming

      • Limelight+coral for game piece tracking

      • Fisheye for driver camera, should be able to see intake

    • Sensors

      • Use internal encoders whenever possible, zero at boot and on a button

      • Digital Hall Effect sensors can be used for homing but not always needed

      • Sensors for game piece detection in intake/path

      • Swerve absolute encoders

  • Aesthetics

    • Primary purple powder coat, some white powder coat

    • Primary white vinyl wrap, some purple

    • White Polycarb

    • Addressable LEDs

    • Sponsor panels


  • Things to consider

  • Robot starting configuration

  • Handles and carrying the robot

  • Electronics layout, gyro, Rio, PDH, etc.

  • Wiring paths

  • Tether location

  • Make sure you have a plan to run the full autonomous while tethered, Ethernet reels, poles to hold the cable up, etc

  • Practice full matches, from cart to cart

  • Avoid shock loads on any systems, even if they work during testing, they will eventually cause damage over a whole season

Lab Upgrades

 

We spent a good amount of time cleaning, organizing, and upgrading our build space over the past few months. Below are some of the highlights.


3D printers

  • Our Bambu Labs X1Cs are now equipped with LightYear G10 build plates; we no longer need glue sticks with PLA, TPU, or PACF.

  • Prusa Minis now have input shaping firmware so they can print at similar speeds to the Bambus and we added wifi modules and ESP-CAMs to be able to wirelessly print and monitor them with PrusaConnect.

Nine-slot wooden cabinet housing a bank of small 3D printers, each labeled Mini 1 through Mini 9


Tapping Station

  • We purchased a Vevor Pneumatic Tapping Station and a #10 tap chuck for it, which should make tapping parts much faster this season. It can always have a #10-32 spiral point tap installed and ready for use.

  • We also built a spoil board drill area and T-track clamping area around it. This lets us quickly hold plates down to tap or drill, etc. There are vises clamped to the table for easy workholding as well.
    Workbench with plywood sheet clamped in vises next to a pneumatic tapping machine and hand tools
    Metal drill press vise clamping a thin aluminum bar for precision drilling


CNC Router Spoil Board and Vacuum Updates

  • We changed our CNC spoil board to have 3 separate sections and T-track between them. Our plan is to always have a 1ft x 2ft sheet of 060, 090, and 250 aluminum on the router so we can quickly cut parts from the sheet sizes we use the most.
    CNC router spoilboard with fresh white sacrificial panels and blue T-track installed

  • We added a crossbar above the router to support the dust collection hose.
    CNC router head with dust collection hose and mist coolant lubricator mounted above the table

  • We added some sheet storage under the router, using a pots/pans holder from Amazon.
    Wire storage rack holding sheet stock dividers and raw aluminum bar and plate stock


Chop Saw Stop Block and Measuring Tape

  • We added a fence, stop blocks, and adhesive measuring tape to the evolution chop saw, so we can quickly cut shafts and spacers.
    Close-up of a chop saw blade guard and measuring stop gauge on a metal cutting stand


Laser Cutter Computer Mount and Camera Install

  • We mounted a computer to the laser cutter so we can operate both our laser and CNC router at the same time. Before they were both running from the same machine so you couldn’t set up jobs on both machines at the same time.Laser cutter with open lid beside a computer monitor running LightBurn control software

  • In addition, we purchased and installed a lightburn camera for the laser that allows us to easily layout cut on oddly shaped scrap or engrave on already cut parts.


M12 Tool Storage

  • We built a storage box for our M12 tools. We wanted a way to keep them stored with their batteries installed so they are quicker to grab and return. This is dense so that we can also use it at competitions by placing it on a table. (Before we just stored them all in a Tstack bucket)
    Wall-mounted rack of Milwaukee M12 Fuel drills, drivers, and batteries organized on wooden holdersOverhead view of a wooden bin crammed with Milwaukee drills, drivers, and a Hackzall saw before organizingLabeled Milwaukee M12 batteries and Fuel Brushless tools mounted on a custom charging shelf


HDX Organizer Racks

  • We created some simple racks for the HDX organizers that we use for small parts organization.
    Shelving unit with labeled parts organizer bins for spacers, sockets, and fastener sizesCAD rendering of a custom drawer cabinet with orange sliding bins and linear rail guides


Powder Coating Oven

  • We purchased a new powder-coating oven from Light Armor.
    Metal Light Armor powder coating oven next to a toaster-oven curing station and supplies


New Laptops and Laptop Storage and Charging

  • Our school's IT department granted us 4 new Framework 13 laptops and we reorganized our laptop storage and charging area.
    Row of laptops charging on a shelf with cables running down to a power strip

Day 1: Kickoff

We had a pretty standard kickoff. Went over our goals and expectations before the kickoff livestream. Read through the entire game manual as a team (this takes about 2.5 hrs). While doing this students are sketching robot concepts, etc.

We then began working on our practice field layout and build. We are planning to build roughly a full half-field. Our practice space isn’t quite big enough to reach the midline and doesn’t have any extra space behind the field perimeters so we are having to modify some parts of the team elements plans. We are also building all 3 sides of the Stage so we can drive under it during auton practice if needed.

Two students measuring and marking a plywood sheet on the floor next to a printed field drawing


Towards the end of the night, we made a quick approximation of the speaker's goal so we could have some fun seeing how hard it is to throw the notes in by hand.
PVC pipe camera mount frame clamped to the team's practice field structure below a ceiling-mounted ring light


Team members sitting on the floor watching the kickoff game reveal beneath past season award banners


We went over a few different trade-offs that may exist for Crescendo robots.

Slide listing early season design trade-off decisions like intake location, launch angle, and climb strategy


Day 2: More FIeld Building

We were able to get a good bit of our field put together today. In addition to the Amp we had yesterday we now have our Speaker, subwoofer, and source complete. The speaker cap is mounted on top of our driver station to keep us from having to build a full frame under it.


Day 2: More FIeld Building


We are intentionally not prototyping too quickly this year as we want to make sure we have a better understanding of the field and game before we decide on prototype paths. We are still discussing many of the possible archetypes of robots for this game that can score in all three locations.


We have discussed the trap at length and it is very appealing in this game as it allows you a much easier path to the RP and the notes scored in the trap are one of the highest single-point values in the game at 5 points. The amplified rings also being worth 5 but they require 2 other 1-point cycles before the 5 points start so the avg note score will never reach 5 from those scores.


Day 3: Every Robot should score in the speaker

We have had a lot of strategy discussions while building our field. One of the most important things about Crescendo is that it is a game where an alliance working together can dramatically change the number of points they can score vs each of them just handling their own parts of the game.

If you have a single robot running amp cycles and just using the amplification mode whenever you can, your alliance isn’t maximizing the number of possible points you can get from each note scored in the amp.


We will assume each cycle scoring in the Amp or Speaker takes 10 seconds, this is mostly to keep the number easy, if it takes 15 seconds the math still works. In each of these scenarios, all of the alliance members are perfect and they each score 12 telop cycles.


If you have an alliance of one amp, and two speaker robots. Every other cycle your speaker robots are scoring their speaker notes into unamplified high goals. This is even worse if your amp cycler is the slowest of your cyclers. If any of the amp cycles miss or are slowed down you lose a good number of points. Defense on the Amp cycler could potentially drastically lower your score.

Cycle time spreadsheet comparing amp-only versus speaker scoring, totaling 99 points for teleop


If you have an alliance with two robots that are alternating amp/speaker and another that is just shooting into the speaker you can amplify an entire cycle for each robot every other cycle.



Cycle time spreadsheet comparing amp+speaker scoring strategies, totaling 123 points for teleop


If you have an alliance that is very consistent and very fast, they may be able to manipulate the Amplify timing to allow them to get two full amplified cycles for every time the Amp robots need to score in the amp. One way to do this is to not use your amplify until all three robots have their notes in the air headed to the speaker, and then they have time to return to the source, come back, and score again in the same amplify cycle.


Cycle time spreadsheet showing an all-speaker scoring strategy reaching 145 total points


Day 4: Prototypes Begin and our first Design Recap

 With our field elements complete we spent today building a few prototypes and testing them.


Note Roller Testing

We built a simple test platform to test how the note interacts with rollers. We wanted to see how easily we could route the note in any direction we wanted and do some simple ground intake tests. We also built to test different scoring options for the amp, and trap.

Wooden intake roller prototype with stacked compliant wheels next to orange game note on shop table


Ground Intake

We used it as a ground intake test platform. This was very successful, the note is able to pop up the 2” roller easily and go into the slot, vertical, or 180 deg over the roller depending on how we spin the wheels.

Video
Video still of dual-roller intake prototype with compliant wheels being tested with orange game note on carpet


Amp

We were able to use the note roller to test scoring in the Amp from a low angle. This worked very easily.


Video

Students using two drills to drive shafts through stacked compliant wheels on plywood intake frame


Video

Two students assembling roller shafts with impact drivers on a two-tier wooden intake prototype frame


Trap

We were able to use the note roller mechanism to test scoring in the trap as well. The trap door is fairly similar to the real field, it has 2.8 lbs of steel at a similar location to the real field, and it’s made of ¼” polycarb at the field dimensions (minus the microphone cutout at the top). It has the same distance backstop as the field. It doesn’t include the actual basket to catch the note like the field has.


Video

Wooden intake frame with roller shaft and compliant wheels mounted between two side plates, red background

Video

Students testing a spring-loaded plywood climb hook prototype against a wooden support post


Note Roller Conclusions

The note is very forgiving to spacing, roller softness, etc. It will follow the travel of most any wheel/roller that it contacts and easily go around tight curves. It’s a very nice game piece for moving around your robot in different ways.


Launcher

We built a quick launcher test fixture out of our prototyping blocks and some old wheels, motors, and gearboxes. We use a test bed with a PDB, main breaker, speed controllers, and PWM signal generator to control multiple motors at once.


This specific version was for us to get some quick in-person experience of how the note flies. We will improve the prototype to begin to work on accuracy and design specifics such as wheel type, compression, etc.


Video

Aluminum extrusion shooter prototype with dual flywheels launching orange game note, wired to test electronics


Climb

This wasn’t so much a prototype as just a test. We had an old chassis that we hung from the chain to see how the CG effects a holding position up near the trap.


Aluminum extrusion drivetrain frame with battery box mounted and tie-down chains, plywood panel leaning against it


More Videos

There are more videos and photos of our prototypes and testing in our gallery - https://photos.spectrum3847.org/2024-FRC/Build-Season


Design Recap

We listed out some various robot types we have seen, sketched, talked about, etc. The slides are linked with their source for current year designs.


Slide titled KitBot listing its capabilities and limitations, with CAD render of the tank-drive kit robot

Slide on a pivoting launcher arm design referencing FRC1155, with CAD render of the pivot arm and belts

Slide on a pivoting feeder-side launcher arm citing team 1538 and 2521, with competition photo and CAD render

Slide on a launcher elevator and pivot mechanism with CAD render and reference photo of a similar robot arm

Slide detailing a single-stage launcher elevator and pivot with CAD sketch dimensions and 3D model in team colors

Diagram slide showing an intake elevator doubling as an amp-scoring mechanism, raised and lowered positions

Slide on using the intake arm as the amp-scoring mechanism, with CAD linkage sketch citing team 2521

Slide comparing double-jointed arm geometry options with dimensioned CAD sketches for amp and defender shots

Slide on a launcher arm plus elevator concept referencing team 1678's 2016 robot, with competition action photo

Slide comparing center pivot launcher arm angle options in CAD, arguing pivot above the frame is better


We are currently leaning towards a launcher elevator+pivot robot type, it would use its adjustable angle launcher and elevator to score in the amp and then the trap once it’s climbed.


Day 5: Prototypes and a new design has risen to the top

Today was our first day back in class from winter break. We were able to get some more testing done and sketched through some new ideas.


Intake Tests

We worked on testing a narrow intake. There isn’t a lot of room between the swerve modules for an intake so we wanted to make sure we could compress the note to an oval as we intake and it looks very possible. This intake in the video is 9 inches wide between the printed wedges on the side.


Video
Triple-roller wooden intake prototype with drills driving shafts, orange game note on carpet nearby


A progression of climber tests

We were able to test a climber concept with an elevator to pull down on the chain and a pair of “sticks” to stop us from twisting on the wall. We tested various features to see how they would work in this setup.

No Roller

Student drilling a pivoting elevator mechanism mounted on aluminum extrusion rails with a safety chain nearby


Passive Roller - Low on the Stage Wall

Two-stage elevator prototype on aluminum extrusion rails with chain, gears, and wiring harness on chassis


Powered Roller - Low on the Stage Wall (I forgot to tension the belt)

Student examining elevator prototype with pivoting launcher arm and belt drive mounted on extrusion frame


High Passive Roller

We don’t currently have a video of the successful unweighted test (it hasn’t been uploaded yet by a student) but you can see in this clip that the robot does start to want to climb the wall before succumbing to the fact it was a hastily built prototype on top of a chassis we were going to discard before the build season. (It’s missing many of its rivets and gussets).


Student driving belt-driven pivot arm mechanism with drill on aluminum extrusion elevator frame


We’ll repair it tomorrow and get some tests done with a powered roller and the weighted plate and see if that works as well.


New main design path

As we were working through the geometry of a tilting launcher+feeder on an elevator we realized that we needed to be able to move the launcher a little further back from the elevator/pivot so that when we tip up it pushes forward towards the amp and trap. That also lets us get a little more length and shooting from further back in your robot is largely a good thing if there is a defender. As we extended it further and further we realized the robot started to resemble the Ri3D robot from Unqualified Quokkas with a long arm and angled feeder+launcher. This afternoon we were able to make a sketch and Krayon CAD of a robot that doesn’t have an elevator but is still able to reach high enough to score in the amp and that with a reasonable climb can put the note into the trap.


CAD sketch of double-jointed arm linkage geometry with pivot angles and dimensions annotated

Looking at another person’s robot sketches is often like trying to read a foreign language but the basic idea is the box is our launcher+feeder it gets notes from the underbumper floor intake. It tilts up to launch into the speaker and tilts to the black box position to launch down into the amp or down into the trap once we raise 20”+ on the stage.


We also did a quick KrayonCAD
CAD model of a four-bar linkage arm mechanism with rollers mounted on team 3847 robot base

  • Blue = under-bumper intake
  • Green = Feeder+Launcher
  • Yellow arms = pivot to launch/amp angle and react against the stage wall for the climb
  • Wheels = drive up the stage wall
  • Transparent arms = climb arms: grab the chain and pull it down to almost touch our bumpers.


We still have a lot more testing to do on this concept but it meets a large amount of our design goals. We are working on ways to effectively feed this robot from the source directly instead of only using the ground intake. This design is limited by needing to wait till out from under the stage before it tilts up its launcher to aim at the speaker. The advantages are it doesn’t have any linear motion, only rotary joints which are pretty easy to build robustly and control.


Day 6: More Climb Prototypes and Thru-frame Intake

We were able to continue working on prototypes, not as much to show off yet but we should have some more this weekend. 


Elevator+Wheel Climber Prototypes

We do have the continuation of the elevator+wheel climber prototypes from yesterday.


Passive Roller - High on Wall - unweighted

Student drilling a climb hook prototype with gear teeth on extrusion frame, safety chain hanging above


Passive Roller - High on Wall - Weighted

Student drilling gear teeth climb mechanism on tall aluminum extrusion tower with chain and wiring visible


Powered Roller - High on Wall - Weighted

Two students drilling from opposite sides of a gear-toothed climb tower mounted on plywood backdrop


Thru-frame Intake

We also worked on ideas for the frame. After seeing 95’s intake plan we were pretty sure we wanted to do something similar if we could make it work. However, we also wanted to keep access for maintenance on our swerve modules and not change how the MK4is mounted that much. As we sketched it we realized we could probably intake the note through a gap in the frame. The concept below uses 2x1 and 1x1 to extend the belly pan 1 inch lower than a standard Mk4i mount. The front intake rollers (white and blue) could pass the note through the gap between two 1x1s.

CAD render of a swerve drivetrain chassis with thru-frame intake rollers and chain-driven modules

CAD render of swerve drivetrain with four swerve modules and thru-frame intake rollers along the bumper

Bottom-up CAD view of swerve drivetrain showing thru-frame intake roller shaft spanning the chassis


Day 7: Better understanding of the game

The reworked climber prototype with the arm worked smoothly. This is likely the direction we are going for our climb+trap mechanism.

Arm Climber with High Wheel

Student assembling an aluminum extrusion frame with chain and a drill on carpet


Our current design priorities

  • Robust robot: full-speed impacts will be worse than last year. As little should leave the frame perimeter as possible. Electronics should be strain relieved, vibration mounted, hot glued, etc.

  • Fast and stable: fast drive speed for the longest cycle distances we have had in any game, full cross-field path from source to amp. A large wheelbase is more stable during high-speed collisions. A larger wheelbase/frame allows for easier packaging of mechanisms handling the 14” wide game piece. The drawback is it may be slightly harder to climb on the same chain as 2 other robots, but we don’t think triple climbs will be that prevalent with the trap climb mechanics.

  • Low belly pan and high bumpers: This configuration allows you to control the contact point with the notes. With low bumpers, the curved profile of noodles may allow notes to jam under them during collisions. High bumpers also give space for the notes to compress when driven into a wall or another robot. If a note does get caught under a low belly pan, it’s smooth, and a robot should be able to drive off it as long as a wheel, or two are still touching the ground. This also prevents you from driving over notes damaging them or getting them caught in your wheels or gears.

  • Short: Able to drive under the stage. Driving under the stage eliminates choke points and opens up more cycle paths. A high launch height could score over short defenders but 48” tall defenders are probably still blocking nearly any shot since the shots have zero arc. At high levels of play, teams will probably be able to use climber/trap mechanisms as tall blockers, so shooting over defenders isn’t high on our priority list anymore. We are designing to be 27” tall.

  • Low launch height: A lower launch height gives you a larger target window into the goal for all of the distance shots in the game. We also want our launcher to get lower as the angle decreases and release higher as the launcher angle rises. (when near the subwoofer)

  • Ground intake: Allows for multiple note autons, picking up of missed shots, stealing from opponents' source zone, etc. Ground Intake should feed both the amp and speaker scoring paths. An under-bumper intake allows us to meet this goal while still being robust. Robots that can also directly source intake may have some advantages.

  • Amp and speaker scoring: Both parts of the game will be critical to alliances maximizing their score.

  • Continuous release angle adjustment: with no shot arc, your launcher velocity isn’t going to be able to adjust your flight path very much so you need to adjust the angle to be able to make shots from multiple positions. In 2013 there were only a few ideal protected shooting locations so being able to shoot from just 1 or 2 places was enough to be a top-tier robot. With this game having only 2 protect locations (podium and amp zone) you’ll likely need to be able to shoot from multiple locations to speed up cycles. The subwoofer shot also needs a very steep angle. Some teams will do very well to pick a single location and shoot from there every cycle or just two, such as podium and subwoofer, etc.

  • Consistent Feed: To get a consistent exit velocity you need a consistent feed into your launcher. This likely means the feeder mechanism should tilt/angle along with your launcher.

  • Vision alignment to speaker, amp, and stage: With all three of these elements not being directly in the path of drivers-robot-element like many games where you are scoring down field having vision alignment or, at the minimum, a camera for the drivers to use for aiming is going to be critical. Lining up to climb the far stage where the robot is coming straight back at the drivers will be pretty difficult.

  • Launch/pass notes under the stage:  Launching/passing under the stage gives you more shot locations and the ability to pass notes downfield to alliance partners or stash. This means you need to be able to launch at a low angle from a low height.

  • Trap climb: needed to rank high. We’ve done enough tests with the wall roller climbs that getting a mechanism to the bottom of the trap door doesn’t appear that difficult. Doing it consistently should dramatically improve a team's rank. Combining the amp and trap mechanism makes a lot of sense because they both likely need to extend above 27” to score easily, reliably, and quickly. This requires something to extend above 27” and something to pull the chain so that your robot lifts, likely to your bumpers.


Things our robot won’t do in our current priorities 

  • Buddy Climb

  • Turret

  • 2 or more sided Intake

  • Launch from above 27in

  • Intentionally drive over notes

  • Tiny Robot: likely a 29.5” square frame perimeter

  • Catapult: we will use a wheeled or roller launcher


Current Leading Concept

The concept we are now primarily developing is based on a sketch from FRC#111 Wildstang (Robot Type 2 in this blog post)


It appears to meet all of our design priorities. Here are the sketches and KrayonCAD version of the robot. Neither of these includes the climber arms that will pull down on the chain.


Mechanism linkage diagram showing a V-shaped arm pivoting over a chassis with wheelsCAD model of team 3847's intake prototype with roller and side plates on a base plateCAD assembly viewed from behind showing intake roller and frame mounted on base trayCAD model of intake roller frame without side panels, showing internal rollers and belts


  • Swerve drive with low belly pan and under bumper intake similar to yesterday’s post.

  • The launcher is mounted on a pivot that is fixed to the frame. 

  • AmpTrap mechanism is mounted on an elevator that raises it to place in the amp and goes higher to climb to the trap.

  • The elevator holds the wall climber wheel, and arms pivot from the back to pull down on the chain to lift the robot.

Day 8: Object Detection and Prototype Chassis+Intake

Object Detection

Inspired by the post by Andrew Schreiber, we were able to produce what we believe to be the first note detector model running on a limelight (Google Drive link w/.txt file). This model was trained off the amazing data provided by Andrew Schreiber and averages around 14 fps on a Limelight 3 (compared to the 80 fps we achieved last year from Limelight’s Cone and Cube detection model). We were able to do some research and found that the Limelight currently supports efficientdet_lite0 and trained it with Google Collab (we did try using a yolov8n model only to realize that it wasn’t supported by the Limelight). If anyone is interested in training their own model for this season please feel free to use our Google Colab notebook as a guide.


Photos:

Limelight vision dashboard detecting a single orange game note in a camera streamLimelight vision dashboard showing a detected game note bounding box in a dim roomLimelight vision dashboard detecting two game notes simultaneously with bounding boxes


Alpha/Prototype Chassis

We begin construction on an alpha/prototype robot that will allow us to test our concepts and design path and find ways to improve it as we design and build the competition robot. The swerve modules are from an old robot, and the rev tube plus our laser cutter make manufacturing mechanisms very quick. Normally we’d want to do this on an already built chassis, but with the design requirements so different for this robot we decided that building a new chassis was the best way to be able to test and iterate quickly.


Two students assembling an aluminum swerve chassis frame with wiring on a workbench


Intake Test

We were able to mount version 0 of our intake on the robot with mixed results. The note did go in the robot some of the time so that is a success, but it has a lot of work to do before we are happy with the design. In the process of building this, we had a design mishap that led us to need two 35t 5mm belts that we didn’t have, we were able to print them from Carbon Fiber TPU and run the tests with the printed belts. We also tested using hot glue to hold in our roller hubs on ⅜” rounded hex dead axles.


Close-up of a black rubber timing belt with molded teeth on a wood surfaceClose-up of a swerve module gearbox with polycarbonate shaft covers and drive gears


Video (more in the gallery)

Prototype intake chassis frame with exposed wiring next to an orange practice ring


Day 9: Intake Improvements and new sketches

Intake Improvements

We begin iteration on the intake to get it performing the way we need.

We changed the bar behind the intake from a 2x1 to a 1x1 which made it have to pull the note up much less and it now has a direct path into the robot where we will have a ramp to feed it up into the other mechanisms.


The biggest iteration step was changing the gap between the rollers from 1.375” to 1.75”. The original CAD had the rollers at 1.125” instead of the 1.25” OD that they are so we were compressing far too much. We laser cut a small plate to let us match drill a new hole for the top roller and the intake is working much better.


Video
Orange donut game piece next to robot frame with green spiral intake roller


Tomorrow we will have new silicone rubber on the middle of the top tube, and 3D-printed wedges/ramps on the sides near the swerve module to help direct the note into the center.


New Design Sketches

As we work through the design and prototype build we continue to optimize. We kept trying to find a better solution for mounting the launcher pivot and powering it and in the earlier designs they kept being blocked by the elevator. We had other issues with the design in the complexity of the feed system and how far we’d need to pivot our launcher to accomplish the handoff to the amp-trap mechanism.

So we went through a lot of discussion and looked at other designs and our past concepts and sketches. We decided to go back to using rollers to change the notes direction and send the note up the back of the elevator without going through the launcher first. The amp-trap motor and feeder motor will work together to choose to either send the note to the launcher or to the amp-trap at the top of the elevator.


Here is a sketch of the new concept

CAD sketch of linkage mechanism with pulleys and arms for launcher or climber concept


The launcher pivots separately from the feeder which is something we were trying to avoid but the amount of bend in the note at any of our launch angles should be minimal enough that we believe it will be able to get it consistent. 


This has a few advantages over the previous plan. The launcher only tilts to its launch angles. The amp-trap mechanism and the launcher can be designed independently from each other. The feed from the intake should be consistent and quickly grabbed by the amp-trap roller. We believe we’ll be able to mount gas springs (or other counterbalance techniques)  to the launcher to help balance the load and remove some backlash.


Day 10: Drive Testing and more CAD

We were able to do some drive tests with our modified 2023 robot. It has approximately 0.5” of ground clearance and the bottom of the bumpers are around 2.25” off the floor.


Wall Compression Testing

Two orange practice game rings on carpet next to robot 3847 near a shop doorway


Drive into the corner test

Robot 3847 bumper corner parked next to two orange rings in a practice field corner


Drive off the ring test

Low angle view of robot 3847's blue bumpers resting on carpet with an orange ring underneath


Fully high-centered test (didn’t expect to get off this one unassisted)

Close-up of robot 3847's numbered bumper with elevator mechanism visible behind it


CAD Updates

We are progressing quickly on the CAD for our Alpha/Prototype robot. This robot is going to function similarly to the competition plan (assuming it all works and we don’t change our minds) but is designed to be built quickly with the parts and materials we have in stock. Ideally, we will find the places that break, bend, rattle, and just don’t perform well on this design and then we can improve them before producing the production robots.


From the primary sketch we posted yesterday, and the drive train and intake CAD we did last week, we quickly mocked up the elevator, indexer, and parts of the amp-trap mechanism. The launcher will get more work but since it’s the last thing that needs to be built and has its space claimed we can begin construction without it fully designed. There are still multiple details that need to be added but the lower segments are getting close to complete.


The CAD of the current version of this robot is available here: 3847 2024 Public Onshape

CAD model of purple robot chassis with tilted elevator arm and gearbox motor mounted

CAD assembly of swerve drive chassis frame with raised elevator arm and cable rigging


Day 11: Design Recap

We had an ice day (Houston doesn’t have salt trucks) so we took a rest and did some CAD. We did hold our virtual design recap. We are happy with the design direction as of now. The main compromise from our priorities listed a few days ago is that we aren’t tilting the feeder roller with the launcher instead it will feed around the slight angle as the launcher tilts up and down. 

This game is likely going to see faster cycles than any game before it with only needing to pick up and score a single game piece, scoring from distance, and a largely open field.


Slide titled Ultraviolet 2024 listing drivetrain, intake, launcher, amp-trap, and climber design plan with purple CAD robot render

Drive Train slide detailing 29.5 inch swerve chassis with steel belly pan CAD render

Intake slide with 95-style roller CAD diagram and photo of orange note on carpet next to robot

Launcher slide showing tilting indexer frame and dual top roller CAD models

Amp-Trap slide with two angled purple elevator CAD renders for scoring mechanism

Climber slide with arm-and-hook CAD diagram highlighted in orange showing chain grab motion

Motor Count slide listing 17 total motors across swerve, intake, launcher, and climber subsystems


Day 12: CAD and Alpha (AM) robot update

CAD Updates

We have more of the CAD for alpha complete. Still a variety of details left but we believe we can complete it this weekend.

CAD render of purple swerve robot with tilting launcher tower and triangular support brace


Build Update

We were able to get a bit more done on the practice robot, the elevator rails are mounted for the amp-trap mechanism and more of the plates have been cut on the router and laser cutter.

Robot chassis on shop table with tall angled support towers and exposed wiring before panelingRobot frame with two tall bent metal uprights standing on shop table, drivetrain visible below

Day 13 & 14: AM Assembly

The majority of the past two build days have been spent on the assembly of our prototype robot. This weekend we should have it driving, and most of the mechanisms running.


Intake V1

We fixed some of the spacing, lifted the motor higher, switched to hearing bone gears, and remade the rollers to be full width and silicone tube only on the center 14 inches. We are still on V0 of the wedge design and are hoping to have a V1 concept this weekend or early next week. We are using hot melt glue to hold the roller hubs-pulleys into the polycarbonate tubing. Currently, we are using “Power Adhesives TEC Bond 7718 Polyamide Black” hot melt glue sticks and they seem to be holding up pretty well. The nylon hot glue bonds to the nylon-carbon fiber filament and polycarbonate tubing pretty well. For the competition versions, we are likely to run at least one screw in each hub. The hot melt glue works well because you can easily rework the parts by heating it with a heat gun.


Close-up of dual brushless motors driving belt-and-gear reduction with clear polycarb rollers belowGearbox and belt-driven rollers mounted in wood bracket next to student holding drill

Elevator tower with plywood carriage, chain drive, and note ramp partially assembled on workbench


Electrical

We were able to lay out the electronics on the belly pan and get the majority of it wired. We still have more motors but the main items are all there. The roboRIO is tucked up under the note ramp in the back.

Overhead view of assembled robot chassis with fuse board, battery mount, and swerve modules wired


Mechanisms

We have the Amp-Trap elevator installed, and the indexer ramp. The launcher prototype is mostly assembled and will be tested off the robot tomorrow. We still have more rollers to assemble and some design work left on the climber and amp-trap mechanisms. 


Robot elevator tower and fuse board wiring viewed from above on carpet next to another partial robotPlywood launcher subsystem with dual flywheel rollers and belt drive mounted on robot base


Day 15 & 16: Launcher Tests & Climber Tests

Launcher Tests

Our initial tests on Saturday involved our double-top roller launcher. We then realized we could flip it upside down and we got much nicer-looking shots. We designed and cut new plates for a double-bottom roller launcher that we tested on Sunday, and by varying side wheel speeds, we got some nice-looking launches. We still have a ways to go before we are consistent, but we believe we can get a setup like this to be competitive once its velocity and angle are controlled. We have room to do a top and bottom roller and may end up eventually moving in that direction.


Launcher Stats

  • 12x 3in REV Compliant Wheels

    • Just the wheels we tested first, nothing special about them

  • 2 Rows of 3 wheels each on each side

  • 14” spacing between the side walls

    • Haven’t tried compressing 12” width but it’s on our list

  • Top and bottom flat surfaces covered in PTFE sheet

    • Double stick taped to the wood

    • Purchased off Amazon in 2020, other vendors exist for it, McMaster also sells adhesive tape version

  • Compression

    • Top Roller - 1.75” wheel to wood

    • Bottom roller - 1.875” wheel to wood

  • Powered by Falcon motors belted 36:18 for a 2x speed increase at the wheel.

    • We believe we want to launch between 4k and 8k RPM at the 3” wheel

  • Top Wheels tests were done with motors driven in follower mode, so relatively similar speeds

  • The good launches from the double bottom roller tests had different speeds, we were doing it with a PWM generator so we don’t know what the speed difference was, just trying to induce spin.


Double Top Roller

Video still of launcher rollers on workbench with wooden test stand in shop


Double Top Roller - Inverted Test (still at the same speeds)

Video still of student testing gearbox mechanism on shop floor under Spectrum banner window


Double Bottom Wheels Launcher

Video still of team members testing small drivetrain robot on carpet in workshop below Spectrum 3847 banner


Climber Tests

This is a more complete climber test, we still aren’t settled on how we are going to pull down the chain but we wanted to make sure it worked with the full elevator, etc. This test showed we don’t need to pull the chain to the bumpers to get our amp-trap mechanism above the bottom edge of the trap.


Climber Test Video

Video still of climber prototype robot suspended by chains with student drilling nearby


Weight

Our alpha robot with nearly all its components and motors weighed in at around 90 lbs. It will gain 10-15lbs when we switch everything to aluminum and polycarbonate. We likely aren’t going to run a steel belly pan this year and instead opt for 090 aluminum to keep our overall weight down. Our chassis is going to be ⅛” extrusion in most places as we had some issues with bending last year.


Robot elevator carriage with wood panels and gear reduction on carpet next to digital scale reading


Day 17: Alpha Assembly

We were able to mostly finish the alpha assembly tonight along with getting it wired. We were able to do the basic bring-up tasks of assigning CAN IDs, updating firmware, etc. We haven’t been able to run any of the motors yet.


Tilting launcher assembly with dual belt-driven wheels and gear reduction mounted on plywood frame

Robot climber arm assembly with chain drive and Talon motor controller mounted on chassis

Angled launcher tower with spiral intake rollers and canvas ramp attached to robot chassis

Assembled launcher and climber tower with spiral rollers, canvas ramp, and orange note nearby


Day 18: Design Recap & Testing Videos

Week 3 Recap slide listing CAD subsystem thumbnails for drivetrain, intake, launcher, amp-trap, and climber

Drivetrain Update slide with photos of chassis wiring and a 3D printed treaded swerve wheel

Drivetrain ToDo slide listing bumper, powder coat, and swerve module tasks with no images

Intake slide with CAD roller diagram and photo of intake gripping two notes at once

Video still of intake rollers on robot corner next to orange note on carpet

Video still of robot corner with wiring near intake roller and orange note scattered with debris

Next Steps slide listing intake plate and pulley guard fixes with no images

Launcher Indexer slide with purple CAD render of dual roller launcher and test notes

Video still of climber and launcher robot with orange note on shop floor near tools shelfVideo still of robot with climber arm and orange note rolling on shop floor near parts shelvesVideo still of AmpTrap tower with orange note loaded, parked in shop near tool shelves

Overhead view of robot with launcher tower next to wooden field mockup wall panel

Launcher Indexer update slide noting 0.34 second transfer speed with purple CAD closeup

Video still of note passing through indexer rollers and canvas ramp on launcher tower

AmpTrap slide with tower CAD renders and photo of assembled roller tower holding note

Video still of note scoring through cut hole in plywood amp mockup wallAmpTrap tower with roller carriage angled forward next to storage shelves and orange note

Climber Recap slide with CAD arm diagram and photo of robot suspended by chains during testing

Video still of student adjusting robot climber hooked to chains hanging from wooden frame

Climber Next Steps slide showing hook and bearing plate CAD sketches for elevator slide climb

Controls slide listing LaserCan sensor placement and software tasks for alpha robot with no images


More test videos are on our photo gallery (Slow intake tests had a 12A current limit set)

Day 19: Amp, Trap, and Wheels

 Amp Test

We did more testing on the Amp and Trap mechanism. Here are some videos of our progress. Here are Photos and videos of these in action. There are more on our Photo Album.
Close-up of an amp/trap mechanism arm with rollers being tested near a wooden field wall


balanced climb test

We made a low-fidelity version of our new climber to test the balancing. We feel confident with this design to keep moving forward with a higher-fidelity version for alpha.
Robot 3847's climber arm and elevator mechanism hanging from a shop ceiling chain


Trap Test
Two students lifting the robot's climber arm assembly in front of the Spectrum 3847 banner

Team 88 SLS Wheels

We recently tested SLS Printed Wheels from Team 88 on our traction jig, alongside our usual array of wheels. The goal was to see how these wheels were compared in terms of grip. We’d like to thank Team 88 and Formlabs for providing us these tires for us to test.Close-up of a gray 3D-printed spiked wheel tread with textured grip surface

The data from our tests show that the SLS Printed Wheels provide superior traction. They outperformed other materials with the highest average angle and coefficient of friction (CoF) measurements. Here are our findings:



​​



SLS Printed Wheels

Black Nitrle

3D Printed Spikes no Suspension

Treaded Neoprene

3d Printed Waves (White)

Slick Neoprene

Colsons

Test 1

68.5

56

47.8

56.5

48.5

45

42.5

Test 2

62.2

57

58

55

49

45

41.8

Test 3

65

57.2

60

57.3

47

42

42.8

Test 4

62.5

57.9

59

51

52

44.8

41.5

Test 5

64.8

57.1

55

55

52

45

41.2

avg Angle

64.6

57.04

55.96

54.96

49.7

44.36

41.96

CoF

2.106

1.542

1.480

1.426

1.179

0.978

0.899

Bar chart comparing coefficient of friction for seven wheel tread materials, SLS printed highest


While the SLS wheels lead in grip, we haven't yet assessed their durability. The next step is to test these wheels on our Alpha robot to monitor wear and tear.

Stay tuned as we continue to test and evaluate to determine the best wheel for our robotics applications.

Collage of wheel tread samples ranked from superhard to hypersoft along a colored gradient


Day 20 and 21 CAD updates

Alpha Robot

The alpha robot CAD has a more complete climber. We will be powering the slide climb (it will have hooks for the chain) from a MaxPlanetary at the rear of the robot that we will tension with a turnbuckle to slide it down the tube it is mounted on. The turnbuckle will be made from REV 10-32 Ball Joints and a hex shaft. The top sprockets of the slide chain and elevator chain will be coaxial with the elevator top sprockets spinning on bushing on the ⅜” hex shaft that will connect the two sides.

CAD model of a purple angled elevator and roller mechanism mounted on a swerve chassisCAD close-up of a gearbox motor with pneumatic piston actuating a pivoting plate


Competition Robot CAD

We have begun CAD for the competition robot. It will look very similar to the alpha in many ways. The process of re-CAD many of the mechanisms allows us the chance to redo our CAD with more knowledge. This means that things can be better organized as we have a better idea of what mechanisms and parts will be where, so our assemblies and part studios can be easier to work on. The spacing and dimensions can be cleaner for all the parts. Some of the systems will get major upgrades.


Here is the current SuperSketch of the robot.

Side-view mechanism linkage diagram showing angled arm, pulleys, and gears on a chassis

The largest change from AM to the competition robots (PM/FM) will be the launcher pivot. We are planning to use a sector gear mounted into the launcher and a custom gearbox to pivot the launcher through around 70 degrees of motion. We are also planning to use a constant force spring to default the launcher to the up position and remove some of the backlash in the system.


We have also begun construction of the competition robots. Swerve plates have been powder-coated and a few of the modules have been assembled. We have also cut most of the frame rails.


Day 22: Gripping the Ground

 This is our last update before we test durability. The only change is that we were able to test the VEX Grip V2 Tires. Here is the updated Data:

Bar chart comparing coefficient of friction for eight wheel tread types, SLS printed highest

Here is our “Ground Hugger” Box. Onto testing durability.

Bin of assorted wheel tread samples including 3D-printed treads, rubber tires, and hubs

F1 broadcast still illustrating tires losing grip, used as an analogy for wheel traction

Day 23: Intake and New Launcher Testing

Intake Testing

Yesterday we were able to get some very basic driven intake testing done. We are very pleased with the results with just the basic printed diverters for centering.


Worn note

Video

Robot with tilted-back launcher mechanism on carpet next to an orange game ring, video still


Newer note

Video

Robot's launcher assembly viewed from behind, angled upward, with a marked orange ring on the floor


Launcher Testing

We were able to build a new launcher prototype based on information we’ve gathered from a few other teams and the data in 95’s build blog here and here.


Here is the breakdown of the launcher

  • 6 Shaft, 2in Wheel Launcher

  • 2x Falcons with 36t pulleys and 18t on the rollers for 1:2 up gearing. Both motors are driving all 6 rollers. Most of the shots were done at 3.5k to 4.5k motor RPM (double for shaft RPM), Velocity is PID-controlled in these tests.

  • Roller shafts  2.136” C-C, 40t belt distance for 18t to 18t pulleys

  • Top and bottom rollers are spaced vertically 3.6” C-C to allow for 72t to 72t gear spacing.

  • Printed pulleys everywhere which end up causing some problems and stopping testing for the night. (we rubbed the teeth fully off two pulleys)

  • Wheels are mostly just what we had on hand.

    • Black and grey wheels are 2 in AndyMark Stealth Wheels

    • White wheels are 2in Fairlane Wheels 35A Nitrile with 3D printed hubs pressed in.

    • Orange Wheels are 1.5” Banebots wheels, we don’t think they do anything but maybe stop the note from flopping around. Gap between them and the roller below is 2.1” so they shouldn’t be doing much.

    • Each set of wheels is approximately 2” wide, so we are only contacting the note at it’s edges.

  • The plywood plate for feeding is intentionally spaced away from the first set of rollers to allow the note to more naturally flow into the compression between the wheels.

Close-up of intake roller shafts with rubber and foam wheels connected by timing belts and pulleys


Video shooting from about 16ft away and we were aiming for the corner and side wall of the speaker on purpose, again these are the first tests with a wobbly base, so lots of room to improve but much better than what we were doing before.

Wooden test prototype frame on the floor with orange discs, student watching in the background


One of the melted thru pulleys

Close-up of a 3D-printed roller hub with black rubber tread, held in a hand


Day 24: Launcher Testing

Slow motion video

Captured with a Sony ZV1 at 960fps. You can see how much shaft wobble we are getting at speed. We do like that the note isn’t deforming much as we launch. This is now launching with 2x Kraken motors.


Video

Close-up of launcher shooter wheel shafts beside an orange game ring, video still


New Banners?

We ordered some replacement blue banners (we managed to lose some) in December from the new banner company and they just arrived. The nylon banners are very different from the previous banners. They are only blue on one side and are very thin. The pole pocket is also much smaller. We don’t know if this is how official season banners will be or not, and we also don’t know what the Vinyl banner option looks like.


FIRST Robotics Competition WINNER 2019 banner draped over a chairClose-up of a frayed corner seam on the blue winner banner being examined by hand


Day 25: Week 4 Design Recap

Slide listing drivetrain updates: swerve modules, powder-coated drive rails, and belly pans, with a photo of cut aluminum plates


Intake slide with photos of white foam roller intake mechanism mounted on a test frameLink


Launcher/Indexer slide describing the 3-row prototype launcher, with a CAD render of the green-wheeled roller assembly

Wide shop view of a wooden field mockup with a small robot on the carpet, video still


AmpTrap slide showing the roller shooter mechanism and a purple elevator rail CAD render

Close-up of an AmpTrap roller mechanism with an orange game ring loaded against a plywood test wall

Climber Recap slide with photos of the new climber mechanism attached to the robot and a student assembling a hook prototype

Climber arm extended diagonally over the shop, with painted plywood field elements in the background, video still

Climber Next Steps slide with a CAD render of the two-hook climber frame and pivoting arm

Controls slide summarizing software progress on swerve, robot commands, and upcoming vision integration


Day 26: Trap Climb-ish

We were able to do a lot of testing and iterating on our climb and amptrap mechanism today. The climb works well with some tuning left in the hook geometry. We believe we’ll be able to have a consistent climb.


Basic Climb

This will be used if we don’t want to trap in a match, or if we need to climb very quickly.


Video

Robot climber mechanism hanging from a chain rig under a wooden mock stage element, video still


Our first attempt at the trap climb.

We were able to successfully eject the note at the trap door. However, because of the interaction of the note and polycarb panel (an AndyMark purchased trap door, with correct weights, hinge, and metal cross bar), we were unable to score the note.


Video

Wooden 2x4 beam with metal corner brackets clamped together, part of a mock chain/stage rig


Trap with Teflon on the Trap Door

We put Telfon on the trap door to see if lowering the friction would fix our problem. We also changed our geometry to push the note down at a steeper angle (just doing the angle did not fix the problem). The lower friction made it dramatically easier to score the note.


Video(there is a note already scored so it didn’t go down all the way)

Climber arm and hook mechanism angled against a plywood trap panel on the workbench, chain hanging nearby


Trap with Cape

After realizing we needed to reduce friction on the opposite side of the note, we quickly laser-cut a hinged cape and taped PTFE to it. This worked very well but we now have to fit this concept into our frame perimeter on the competition robot.


Video 




I did need to assist with the climb briefly as the new cape geometry doesn’t slide up the wooden wall nicely.


Amp Scoring with Cape

We did briefly score in the amp with the cape and new geometry and works well.

Video

Close-up of the climber hook pressing against the edge of a wooden trap panel


Conclusion

The trap is possible with the right robot but teams will need to test their mechanisms against the real polycarb door and mechanism. As the field traps wear in the friction with the note may change so it may be easier or harder to have the note slide nicely against it. Numerous other factors could come into play with the note and the trap including the note condition, how the trap doors are cleaned, and others (I wouldn’t be surprised if humidity or static build-up also affected things)


Day 27: Launcher

 We were able to get our new prototype launcher mounted to Alpha tonight. This has similar specs to the prototype 2” wheel launcher that we posted a few days ago. The tilt control on our alpha machine (AM) is just a maxplanetary 90-degree adapter and a hex shaft, so there is a good amount of backlash and play in the system.


Day 27: Launcher


Subwoofer Shots

We were able to shoot into the speaker from all 3 subwoofer sides using the same speed and angle for each side.


Front Shots

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-hbXKzSm/0/17de6705/1920/IMG_9490-1920.mp4


Side Shots

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-G557Gmw/0/03012fd4/1920/IMG_9498-1920.mp4


Podium Shots

We were able to shoot consistently from around the podium.


Podium Shots

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-D64twj8/0/31104667/1920/IMG_9497-1920.mp4


Wing Shots

Still not perfectly consistent from range but working nicely for this setup.


Wing Shot Video

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-96RKZ77/0/2bc49a4d/1920/IMG_9502-1920.mp4


Amp Shots (not many but didn’t look promising)

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-4JGmz6n/0/453e574d/1920/IMG_9494-1920.mp4


Slow Motion

Here is some slow-motion video of the note exiting the launcher. One of our goals is to keep it as circular as we can.


Slow Mo Video

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-m6MFfjT/0/d6747a53/1920/Launcher%20Slow%20Mo%202-1~2-1920.mp4


Human Feed

This will need a ramp/funnel to be easier to do on the comp robot but it’s still working nicely.


Human Feed Video

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-ZC7gR45/0/1851261c/1280/PXL_20240202_030559806.TS.mp4~2-1280.mp4


Day 28: Launcher Modifications

We were able to install all of our Fairlane wheels on the launcher today. We use a printed hub and press them into the steel core.


Overhead view of launcher rollers with orange game piece loaded between compliant wheels

Robot elevator subsystem on the floor with orange game pieces loaded in the launcher rollers

Angled view of the elevator frame showing chain drive, orange note, and wiring underneath

Front view of launcher rollers gripping an orange game piece between aluminum shafts


We also installed a laserCAN on our indexer to be able to sense the note along the path and be able to test more consistent feeding into the launcher.

Close-up of Falcon motor and Kraken gearbox mounted next to white feed rollers


Video of the launcher running in the new configuration.


Video

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-5sdP3ST/0/ec8f80b8/1920/IMG_9531-1920.mp4


SuperSketch Update

The supersketch has nearly all the details for the main competition robot to be finished. We still need a few things like limelight mounting, handles, etc.


CAD line drawing of the launcher and elevator mechanism showing pulleys, belts, and linkages


Day 29 and 30: CAD Updates and Testing Videos

As we continue testing with AM we have more details in the CAD for the competition robot. The intake, feeder, and launcher tilt are the furthest along. The drive train, launcher tilt, and feeder are the motor systems we want to get right the first time as swapping them is the hardest. 

CAD render of full purple swerve drivetrain chassis with elevator tower and launcher assembly


CAD close-up of launcher roller assembly frame with motors, gears, and mounting brackets

The launcher tilt is planning to use a laser-cut sector gear.


Robot Testing Videos

These are some longer form testing videos, we didn’t cut down. 

Subwoofer Launching and Intaking

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-S5HBbRK/0/5bbd0562/1920/PXL_20240203_210821127.TS-1920.mp4


Feeder LaserCAN routine

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-FNtrZHF/0/8347e36b/1920/PXL_20240203_195506839.TS-1920.mp4


We don’t plan for either of these next two to be our standard strategy but we would like to know if we can do it.


Amp Shooting

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-fqcGj2M/0/f664d9c7/1920/FullSizeRender-1920.mp4


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-NvcGkwb/0/d35b043f/1920/FullSizeRender-1920.mp4


Trap Shooting

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-4-2024/i-BHHLCgC/0/710b81f8/1920/FullSizeRender-1920.mp4


Day 31: Trap and PM drivetrain

Full Robot Trap Climb

After some more adjustments to the climb and amp-trap scoring mechanism, we were able to get a few full trap climbs.

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-5rVd5Rs/0/e092da03/1920/IMG_3816-1920.mp4


More testing videos in the gallery


Practice Machine Drivetrain

Our practice machine drivetrain is mostly assembled. We will be getting motors mounted in the next few days.

Day 31: Trap and PM drivetrain


Day 32: Week 5 Design Recap

Design recap slide on drivetrain progress with CAD bracket renders and student assembling gearboxes

Drivetrain upcoming tasks slide with photo of purple swerve module frame on a shop table

Intake subsystem slide with CAD renders of roller shafts, purple anti-wobbler spacers and bushings

Launcher/indexer update slide with CAD renders of gear-driven flywheel and indexer plates

AmpTrap subsystem slide with photos of elevator prototype testing and finished red-bumper robot

Climber subsystem slide with photos of polycarbonate climbing hooks mounted on chain assembly

Controls team slide listing autonomous, vision, and launcher tuning progress with no images


Photon 8515

We haven’t talked about our sibling team much this year. 8515 Photon is our development team primarily constructed by students new to our program this year, mostly 9th and 10th graders. In previous years 8515 built an Everybot but we found the students weren’t learning to design and build in the same systems we use on the 3847 robots. This year we have decided to work on a custom design that shares a similar drive train and intake to 3847 but has a different superstructure. 8515 is building a similar archetype to several open alliance teams such as 2582 and 3467. 8515 will be competing at Katy and Houston district events this season.


Photon second robot slide with CAD render of launcher pivot and photo of swerve chassis frame


Day 33: Sponsors

We're incredibly thankful for the support from our sponsors. Their backing is essential to our continued success. This year, we're excited to team up with these fantastic companies and organizations:


https://photos.smugmug.com/Brand/Sponsor-Logos-2024/i-PzHJTMx/0/71a8f74f/1920/spons-1920.mp4


Strake Jesuit

St. Agnes Academy

Dow
The Boeing Company

Analog Devices

REV Robotics

Gene Haas Foundation

TE Connectivity

QAD Works

Solarcraft Inc.

Texas Workforce Commission

Intuitive Foundation


Day 34: More Trap Testing and PM Assembly

Trap Testing

We did some limited trap testing with a new hook geometry and bearing setup.


https://photos.smugmug.com/photos/i-57bLqrP/0/1920/i-57bLqrP-1920.mp4


PM Assembly

We have begun rapidly assembling our practice robot. The intake plates, elevator, and main indexer+launcher pivot plate are mounted.


Purple swerve chassis frame on a workbench with elevator tower mounted and gearboxes attached


Second purple swerve chassis with elevator tower frame and white polycarbonate side plates


3D printer finishing a tan PETG bracket with mounting hole and comb-like support ribs

Intake Wedge printed in PCTG.


Day 35 & 36: PM Assembly

 3D printing

We have our print farm running a lot of production parts for the 3 robots (PM, FM, & Photon). Here are some of the timelapses from the Bambu X1C.

Intake Gears+Pulleys
https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-HRkDPS9/0/0ae070c6/1280/video_2024-02-09_21-42-06-1280.mp4


1.25” OD Roller Pulleys

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-Q8GN5sS/0/8548239e/O/video_2024-02-10_02-32-22.jpg


Elevator Top Frame Support

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-DZXk497/0/bc82826e/O/video_2024-02-07_20-13-13.jpg


Laser Cutting

This is our laser cutting a test part of the launcher sector gear so we can test the fit. We manually adjusted the teeth size to remove some of the backlash in this gear.

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-DMfhfzj/0/3eab084c/1920/PXL_20240210_220520079.TS-1920.mp4


CNC Router

It’s hard to get a good video through the chip curtains but this is our router cutting some of the climber+elevator gussets.

(It’s a loud video)

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-PQWvRR4/0/3cdd129a/1920/PXL_20240211_011708407.TS-1920.mp4


Tapping Station

This is a video I made a couple of weeks ago to show someone how the tapping station we purchased in the fall works. It’s pneumatically powered and has a lever to turn it on and a button for reverse. It has made tapping shafts so much faster and we’ve used that to design a lot of standoff into this year’s robot.


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-FPfDpRK/0/7e6e3cff/1920/PXL_20240130_193705970.TS.mp4~2-1920.mp4


Test Fitting Controls

We started test-fitting our electronics layout. Our general plan is to leave as much of the belly pan open as possible for electronics and then just fit them where they make the most sense. Nearly everything is held down by VHB or foam mounting.

Day 35 & 36: PM Assembly


Day 37: Auton and PM Assembly

5 Note Auton

We were able to have our controls team work with the Alpha robot over the past few days. They were able to begin tuning in some of our auton paths. We successfully made a few 5-note autos. The launcher tilt on AM is inconsistent so we are most worried about our paths and intaking which is looking great.

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-5-2024/i-kRjGbgL/0/1eb89c7c/1920/IMG_5885-1920.mp4


PM Assembly and 

We’ve been able to get more of the practice machine assembled. It has all but 4 motors mounted (elevator, climber, and 2 launchers). The intake is fully mounted. The launcher and amptrap mechanisms are nearly complete. Climber still has a little ways to go but that’s always last.


Purple elevator tower assembled on chassis with white polycarbonate feed rollers and belts

Purple A-frame elevator structure with roller shafts and belts viewed from the side on a workbench

Students assembling the purple elevator frame while one holds a swerve module wheel


Robot Weight

We weighed PM at the end of the night and got an approximate weight of our competition robot.

Assembled robot with parts bins stacked on top sitting on a scale reading 109.35 poundsClose-up of a WeighMax digital scale display reading 109.35 pounds


Day 38

 

Day 38: <3

More of PM was assembled today.


Purple elevator tower on chassis with Kraken motors driving belt-coupled roller shafts

Side view of the purple A-frame elevator tower with Talon FX motor and roller belts


FM Drivetrain

Bare purple drivetrain frame with white belly pan and four swerve module corners installed


Launcher

The launcher is complete and we added torsion springs to help balance it and remove some backlash. We also shimmed the gears today and removed a good amount of the backlash in the system.

Top-down view into elevator tower showing paired Kraken motors and orange terminal block wiring


Close-up of clear polycarbonate roller shafts and belt pulleys mounted on the elevator side plate


PTFE Film

We put PTFE film on all the flat surfaces the note touches.

White feed rollers with fabric belt threaded between them inside the elevator carriage


Day 39: Week 6 Design Recap

 Day 39: Week 6 Design Recap

  • PM is nearing completion and should run on Thursday night.

  • Once PM is running we will quickly manufacture and assemble FM

    • Much of that can happen over the long weekend. Lots of assembly this weekend.

  • Auton is in a good place on AM

  • Drive practice begins soon

  • Now it’s time to find any and all ways that the robot can break or fail and fix them before competition season.

    • Also places that maintenance will be annoying and fix those too.

  • We are basically exactly where we were last year.


Drivetrain progress slide with photo of purple swerve drive frame and white belly pan

Intake progress slide with photo of built roller intake and CAD render of the roller bar

Launcher/indexer update slide with photos of sector gear mechanism and roller assembly on the robot

AmpTrap progress slide with photo of purple elevator tower and CAD render of elevator carriage

Climber progress slide with photos of students assembling the purple climber frame

Controls team slide listing autonomous PID tuning and note detection progress with no images

Day 40 & 41: Photon Update

We were able to get a little bit more of our Photon 8515 robot completed over the last two days. We have the intake and drive train setup along with the arm. Over the long weekend, we will be working on electrical and manufacturing of the feeder and launcher system.CAD render of the swerve chassis with an angled shooter/climber tower mounted on the purple bumpers

CAD render viewed from the opposite side, showing the tilted shooter towers and internal drivetrain layout


Aluminum chassis frame on a shop table with a climber tower assembly and swerve modules mounted

Student holding up a gear-driven pivot arm assembly with a purple shaft and black sprocketsRobot chassis with pivot arm and purple gearboxes assembled on the shop table near storage shelves


Day 42: PM Running

Over the past few days, we were able to get PM fully assembled (minus climb, and laserCANs), and wired. We also made our first set of bumpers of the year (4 more sets to go FM and Photon).


Purple-painted competition robot chassis with Kraken motors and feeder rollers, students working in the background

Completed robot 3847 with purple feeder tower and blue bumpers on the carpet

Top-down view of the robot's electrical board with Kraken motor controllers and wire routing terminals


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-6-2024/i-cj59L3G/0/CZt6V3G4CGMhkChCLFC232HMBpVKzbdhQcsdwV7Cz/1920/PXL_20240217_024022334.TS-1920.mp4


We noticed our launcher was pulling a lot of current even though this was built better than alpha. Each motor was drawing 50A at full power. After some tweaking, we removed the redundant belts to remove drag from the system and got the current down to 30A per motor. Still have some more changes to go before we are happy with it.


Day 43 & 44: PM Driver Practice

We have some uncut driver practice videos up on our gallery. We have limited space so we are only working in a half field. The robot is still missing most of it’s automation so everything we ran today was fully manual with only motor sensors running. Over the next few days, we’ll work on getting aiming and sensors on the robot + the climb.


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-6-2024/i-8ZsbfJR/0/3xtF8SNNJCMxRL2QFfcJCHD986nF9FDpQ88p54Tq/1920/6-GX010075-1920.mp4


More Here: https://photos.spectrum3847.org/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-6-2024


Day 45 & 46: Design Recap

 Slide listing general updates on PM launcher, Photon code, and FM bring-up progress

Slide on drivetrain progress: first blue bumpers made, swerve motors and covers status

Intake slide with CAD renders of a two-stage roller intake assembly with passive wedges

Launcher/indexer slide detailing motor current tuning and pulley ratio adjustments

AmpTrap slide with photos of the roller mechanism mounted on the robot and matching CAD render

Climb slide with CAD renders of the completed climber hook and bearing plate assembly

Photon update slide with photo of wooden launcher prototype and orange bumper ring on workbench


Day 47, 48, & 49: Driver Practice & Photon Update

Full Field Driver Practice

Today we visited our friends at Pearadox #5414 and did some driver practice on their full sized field. Here is a clip from driver practice. 

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-7-2024/i-3SfDfFM/0/FBpvd3cnxgTt6bSDcGBjB5tSmRrmrf4CsR4LrHn7c/1920/amp%20and%20two-1920.mp4


Unedited full footage can be found in our photo gallery. We were able to consistently run two amp cycles, one speaker, and then another speaker within ten seconds of the first one (within amplification time.) We don’t yet have Apriltag aiming, so we were only subwoofer-ing during these countdowns. Cycles will get faster with auto aim to both amp and speaker.


Failures

  1. Ramp from intake scraped off, caused by scraping the thin rectangle of aluminum of the real stage, when rotating to shoot a podium shot. We did not put it back on the robot.

Broken purple 3D-printed corner bracket next to a robot's aluminum frame on carpet

  1. Intake plate broke and the launcher pivot was able to pop out on one side. Caused by hitting the same truss as before. It was a pretty medium strength hit. The broken intake could still intake/eject, but it was scary because the lower roller could also get sucked under the robot.

Snapped white delrin bracket piece lying on carpet next to the robot's roller assembly cornerhttps://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-7-2024/i-fHCz9qW/0/DX2mjrDK3V5FXqztH3mG7QJd8jsMhLcgSQ37swVwS/1920/IMG_9850-1920.mp4


  1. Pearadox has a real stage! Unfortunately, our trap attempts were unsuccessful. Climbing was good, but the amp/trap mechanism needs modification to ensure the belt doesn’t skip, and that the note stays in contact with two rollers at all times. Otherwise, it looks promising.

Robot with padded blue bumpers and orange amp mechanism practicing under the field truss structureClose-up of a pivoting roller mechanism with orange note wheel behind a clear polycarbonate guard

  1. Intaking multiple game pieces at once. It was easy to intake multiple game pieces at once at a source with lots of notes around. Intaking multiple notes could damage the notes and get them stuck inside the robot. We don’t yet have a camera facing the intake, so we just had to guess and check.


Photon Update

Photon is getting ready for our first event in five days! We are trying to get the robot ready to practice at Pearadox this weekend on Sunday which we will probably be running the wooden launcher plates to make sure it will work for the Katy District event we will be competing at. 


We got our robot running to test our launcher shots and see if we could actually amp well. Our launcher angle was too low, so we need to make changes to make sure our angle is higher to make subwoofer shots in our default position. 


We still need to design the climber which will be attached to our arm which will also help get our launch angle higher because it’ll hit our hardstop first. We’re almost done making both bumpers to be ready for our event soon. 

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-7-2024/i-HpghVCm/0/CGP7fSfLGXm4PBvBhrM3m3x4N4GBp6GBLhpBHDnhc/1920/PXL_20240224_004937170-1920.mp4


Wooden Photon launcher prototype with orange bumper wheel mounted into plywood shooting framePhoton prototype launcher with drive wheels and orange ring wrapped in foam padding on a chassisPhoton robot chassis with launcher wheels, wiring, and chain drive visible near a window


Day 50: Photon Does Things and Intake Reliability Upgrade

 Photon Update

Robot on red bumpers with a wooden amp-scoring plate raised on a four-bar arm, orange ring nearby

Today we got software set up on Photon to amp, climb and subwoofer. We realized that the original gearing on the arm was too low and that the arm would not be able to support the robot enough to stay up on the chain for 5 seconds. To solve this, we changed the gearing and we were able to stay up after being disabled. 


We have plans to get a podium shot and a limelight mounted on the robot before our second district event. 

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-7-2024/i-wc3JK7c/0/FKnfNsKMKfstVHRWgWDK38H588mzRBWfgWwBGw82K/1920/PXL_20240225_030045217-1920.mp4


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-7-2024/i-C34WCvf/0/FdqHX7cXK3vBfgVRw4tmfKNrXDcQSP9nWSGxm43bb/1920/PXL_20240224_231355237-1920.mp4


Intake Updates:


After breaking our Intake yesterday and much discussion, we decided to re-inforce it with 0.090” aluminum and raise the leading edge to avoid it hitting the bottom of the truss.

Close-up of a Kraken X60 motor driving intake rollers through a purple gearbox plateKraken X60 motor with belt and gear drive to clear polycarbonate intake rollers

Day 51 & 52: New AmpTrap Concept

We have been playing around with various ways to improve our trap mechanism while still letting us amp quickly. The new mechanism is basically a powered cape.


Amp Score

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-8-2024/i-XkCPqsc/0/5sCZbx8wH7Qqv7zfL5wjrwrnffg7LfCkMS3DNcd7/1920/Amp%20with%20roller%20cape-1920.mp4


Trap Score

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-8-2024/i-LPPJjQr/0/Zwbw33SVRJfQsLMcrDRvtS52JhD2RdmCXfgMJXjm/1920/IMG_3902-1920.mp4


This works pretty well and we’ll make a better version this week.


Day 53: Week 8 Design Recap

 Slide on drivetrain bumper progress, wheels on FM, and swerve module conversion to-dos

Intake slide with photos of a broken white bracket and reinforced roller assembly with Kraken motor

Launcher/indexer slide with photo of the assembled white indexer roller box with gear train

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Week-8-2024/i-KKsHPRt/0/DjWcdjrCjPCv5vx5rZvhV6kvc57PcFcnHWrc3vLHN/1920/PXL_20240227_223637506.TS-1920.mp4


AmpTrap slide with CAD render of the elevator mechanism and photos of the wired roller assembly

Climber slide comparing two CAD renders of the hook mechanism redesign with circled changes

Photon update slide with photo of the launcher and intake assembly on a workbench with tools


Day 56, 57: Katy Event Recap for Photon 8515

 

Large group photo of Spectrum 3847 team members in purple hoodies posing in stadium seating with an award


Results: 


Gracious Professionalism Award


This weekend, Photon competed at the Katy District Event. To begin, we would like to thank our alliance captain the 9478 Robo-Colts, and our other alliance member the 9121 Mavericks. We would also like to congratulate the winning alliance of 118, 8576, 7616. 


Photon went 7-8-0 overall at this event, and finished ranked 18th before being invited by 9478 to join their alliance. After inviting 9121 to our alliance, we fell to the lower bracket after playing against the 2nd alliance. After that we won against the 6th alliance in the lower bracket and then fell to the 1st alliance. 


In addition to this, we were honored to be awarded the Gracious Professionalism Award and look forward to competing in the Houston District Event.


Students posing with the Photon 8515 robot's intake mechanism, red bumpers labeled 8515


Failures and Fixes:


Failure: The intake that Photon has is the exact same version of the 3847’s intake, but the way that we move the note from the intake to the indexer and launcher is different. We have an extra 2x1 added to the inner frame where the note rides up against. This caused different problems that weren’t seen on the 3847 robot due to the note having to be more vertical to contact the index rollers. During the later qualification matches on Friday, we had a couple of issues that required us to fix the intake in different ways after each match. 


1st incident: We believe the intake roller became unbolted due to not checking them after every match to see if they were tightened which caused them to fall off at the end of the match after having issues with it during the match. 

2nd incident: During this match, we had trouble with the intake jamming and not fully intaking. We found out after the match that the hot glue that held the hub to the roller became detached. 

The glue holding hub to roller snapped, so we put a bolt to re-secure them together

3rd incident: Pulley got worn down thanks to the intake jamming

4th incident: Then the belt got worn down too because we didn’t replace it when we changed the pulley


Close-up of a cracked black 3D-printed gear held in someone's fingers


Fix: To make sure this doesn’t happen in the future, we will be replacing the belt along with the pulley when the pulley is worn down or breaks. For our roller, to prevent the hot glue from getting dislodged, we put another screw into the roller to make sure this doesn’t happen. 


Failure: We have several autons, but we have one specifically which is designed to collect and shoot 4 notes into the speaker. During this auton in one of our matches, however, two notes got jammed in our intake which caused us to get a penalty. For the rest of the match, no matter how many times we tried, we were unable to eject the notes, therefore we weren’t able to score and collect any more notes during the whole match. One of the notes got stuck above our top roller while the other one got stuck below the first one (shown in the picture below).


Fix: To (hopefully) prevent this from happening in future matches, we are planning on installing a plate that is on the Spectrum 3847 robot. This plate will be mounted above the top roller to stop the note from getting stuck above the roller, and giving it a more direct path into the feeder. 


Overhead view of robot electronics bay with orange note wrapped around blue bumpers at competition


Controls update:


For Katy, we knew that we wanted to try and use our 4-note auton. The first time we ran it in Quals, we were only able to get 2 out of the 4 notes because we bumped into one of our alliance members. This being said,  our auton most likely would have worked if they lined up a little bit closer to the driver station. Then we had another chance to run our auton, but were only able to get 3 out of 4 notes because the robot didn’t move far enough to be able to intake the 4th note. We then tried running our 4-note auton again, but only got 1 out of 4 notes in the speaker because we had trouble with our intake and the note didn’t shoot out of the feeder. We were then able to run the auton for a fourth time but the note was preloaded too high and the robot didn’t get aligned with the speaker, causing it to shoot over. During Playoffs, we also ran our 4-note auton, however had a lot of trouble intaking and feeding the note. 


Planned Improvements:


  • Add some plates above the intake that hold the note in place when the arm is up to prevent the note from slipping out

  • Add wedges so only one note can enter horizontally in intake

  • Add a button where we can lock on the angle for each chain on the stage

  • Podium shot

  • Button to lock on directions for amp and subwoofer

  • Add shaft so if we get one hook for climb it will slide over and other one will catch

  • Visual feedback of a note through leds

  • Get the 4 note auto working


And just a fun fact: For the third year in a row at Photon’s first event, we won Gracious Professionalism! 

Selfie group photo of team members in pits near the Photon 8515 robot cart at competition venue


Day 60: Week 9 Recap (Comp Week 2)

 

Slide listing drivetrain to-dos: swerve covers mounted, spare module, and CAD electronicsIntake slide with photo of a cracked black gear held between two fingersLauncher slide noting minor updates and spare parts made, text onlyAmpTrap slide with photo of roller cape mechanism circled at mounting points and matching CAD renderClimber slide with CAD renders of a new hook bracket and full climbing arm assemblyControls slide covering driver updates, vision pose alignment, and 5-note/4-note auto links

Day 62, 63, 64: Belton District Event Recap

 Three winning alliance teams pose with robots and blue FIRST in Texas District Belton Event winner banners


Results: 


District Event Winner

Autonomous Award


Last weekend, Spectrum competed at the Belton District Event. We went 16-1-0 overall, and finished ranked 1st. We won every playoff match in the upper bracket and both finals matches. Thank you so much to our alliance partners 5414 Pearadox and 9054 Johnson City Joules!


We were honored to be awarded the first Autonomous Award in Spectrum history.


Spectrum 3847 team members in purple hoodies posing together in the arena stands with a Crescendo trophy


Failures and Fixes:


Failure: Qual 44 and playoff match 10. Cause unknown at the moment. Suspected RoboRio USB failure.


Qual 44:

  1. Our robot stopped suddenly 7 seconds into autonomous. Driver station read “Autonomous Stopped”

  2. We couldn’t move in teleop, although the RSL was blinking. We restarted roborio, during which we disconnected from the field, and we could finally move after roborio came back.

  3. After the match: Question box. Official logs couldn’t find a cause of the failure, resulting in no replay. (This was the one match we lost by the way.)

Playoff 10:

  1. Auton ended abruptly in a similar fashion to Qual 44, but driver station read “Autonomous Enabled.” Couldn’t move in teleop until after restarting RoboRio. 

Fix: Unknown. It doesn’t add up to be a CAN issue. Unofficial AdvantageScope logs abruptly ended when the robot stopped moving. It’s possible the JVM is crashing but we didn’t lose robot code light on the DS. The USB bus fully failing would explain why the CANivore disconnects and the logs stop writing to the USB drive. We’re going to keep working on it. Please let us know if you’ve experienced something similar.


Failure: Roborio SD corrupted itself. This has happened several times this year to other teams

Fix: We had a prepared SD card, so we just had to change team number and upload code. Was relatively fast before Finals 2.


Failure: CAN disconnecting and reconnecting briefly, causing the robot to stop for a few seconds in teleop in a few matches. 

Fix: Not sure, maybe it’s caused by the same USB roborio issue that was causing other failures, but it’s something to track back at the lab. (We’ve seen momentary CAN disconnects during driving on Alpha, PM, and Ultraviolet but diagnosing it has been hard without being able to replicate it). 


Failure: Intake top roller seemed to bend weirdly, getting the note stuck between top roller and polycarb front rail blocker.

Fix: We replaced the top roller and that fixed the issue. We probably need to make that blocker slightly taller so the note can’t get stuck there.


Failure: Launcher standoff broke

Fix: Moved it to another spot


Close-up of a Talon FX motor and gearbox mounted on a purple aluminum frame with belt pulleys


Failure: Battery polycarb cover broke

Fix: Switched which bolt holes we use and added washers to the mounts

White curved shooter hood mounted on purple rail with strap hinge and mounting bolts on the robot


Failure: Bent lower intake rail. Didn’t affect performance as far as we could tell.

Fix: Replace it

Overhead view of a robot's purple frame rails, wiring, and a white PVC roller under a polycarbonate panel


Failure: Amp trap gearbox got angled and eventually stuck.

Fix: Adding a 10-32 in the bearing hole stopped the cantilever and fixed the issue. (Originally tried with 8-32, but it fell out)


Failure: Intake kept misfeeding, flipping notes vertical.

Fix: Eject and re-intake fixed it in match. Will add a polycarb flap or something to force notes to stay horizontal after being intake.


Controls update:

Autonomous

We ran our center 5 note auton every match. It went very well.


Vision

We did not use vision at Belton, but we were logging lots of information about tag distance, and estimated pose from the cameras as well as trying out 3 strategies for integrating camera data into odometry pose. In order to align to field objects using pose we have to be able to keep pose as accurate as possible throughout the match, and the data will be useful in determining patterns to see when vision is most helpful.


Code changes

As for code changes during the event they were mostly minor in order to avoid regressions:

  • changed pilot turbo mode to slow mode

  • adjusted launch angle for podium shot

  • LED changes

  • Changed operator climb sequence to automate feeding the note up to amptrap


Students in purple Spectrum 3847 hoodies cheering and posing for a selfie in the competition stands


Planned Improvements:

  • Build the redesigned climber. More about it can be seen in this post. https://www.chiefdelphi.com/t/spectrum-3847-build-blog-2024/447471/413

  • Get pose working, auto aim working 

  • Change sector gear reinforcements from aluminum to steel (we broke a few teeth on the polycarbonate plates.)


Pit Banner

Spectrum 3847 pit sign listing team history and Open Alliance resources as two students work on the robot


Day 68: Design Recap

 We actually did this yesterday but forgot to add it to the blog.


Slide listing general overview goals: 1.5 weeks till Houston, get trap, auto aim, and auto alignment working

Slide detailing intake issues: miss-feeds at the amp trap, worn lower intake bar, and unusual noisesSlide on launcher/indexer update: broken standoff, cracked polycarb teeth, plan to switch to steel plateAmpTrap slide with CAD render of the amp mechanism's angled roller frame and vertical rail structureClimber slide noting the post-Belton redesign test kept the same hook displacement as beforePhoton Controls Update slide describing controller rumble feedback at correct launcher RPM and auto-adjust climb side

Day 75: Design Recap

 We compete in at the Houston district this weekend with both 3847 and 8515. Both robots have seen some upgrades to improve their performance. We worked to make our intake more inconsistent and remove the few jams and failure modes we saw at our first events. Software has been improved on both machines as well.

Drivetrain slide noting new FM wheels installed and Houston prep checklist for spares

Intake update slide with photo of the orange intake roller and steel gears mounted on the robot frame

Launcher/Indexer slide: sector gear upgraded from aluminum to steel, auto aim controls updated

Feeding - When our robot is near the center line or beyond, it auto aims to a feed location and launches over the stage.

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Comp-Season/i-h2RBZfq/0/Ckb3cHPv55dsHdx6cDQcs2NWVX3nncTvx5N5wvctC/1920/feeding%20kind%20of-1920.mp4


Vision Aim - We are using pose to aim to the speaker

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Comp-Season/i-4TD859x/0/NXm7nTCfF9d4NdmhbvJBtvNLF5zwg8CdT3gkdrWh/1920/auto%20aim%201-1920.mp4


Amp Launching - As a backup amp mechanism if our amptrap isn’t working.

https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Comp-Season/i-L5WXvFB/0/FcPTLDjm8DZ2dvjhZnwsZVMbK76GF5bbND8BGQtsp/1920/amp%20launching%201-1920.mp4

AmpTrap reliability upgrades slide with close-up photo of black gears and idler pulley held in hand

Climber update slide with photos of hooks mounted directly on the purple climber chain frame

Purple robot amp mechanism with rows of rollers and Limelight camera mounted on padded red bumper


Trap Climb at 118’s Field


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Comp-Season/i-2PwMFj4/0/FWn9RCVBc28gc56xdNf6DTDck6QZBGXMvGLMM6GWB/1920/IMG_4151-1920.mp4


Trap Climb on our Stage


https://photos.smugmug.com/2024-FRC/Build-Season/Comp-Season/i-GQDrhnT/0/DHHw3SLjgfqjskd8CZgLZwdZSWC3d3WxdH44RxDJV/1920/IMG_1201-1920.mp4


Controls slide covering vision auto aim, driver sequences, and Elastic dashboard screenshot with field view


Day 77: Warm Spares and Pre-Houston Updates

 One of our goals coming out of Belton was to swap any major control system component with as little downtime as possible. To achieve this, we have created our Warm Spares Bin. This bin allows us to have pre-configured control system devices, where we can upload the latest code to MicroSD cards, and set CAN IDs of replacement devices while the original is being removed.


Overhead view of a spare electronics bin with Kraken motor, Pigeon 2.0, and CTR CAN devices wired amid LED strips


This bin is a collection of every configurable control system component on our robots and several spare microSD cards, already imaged, set team number, and code deployed as the latest pre-event build. We power the box using one of our normal robot batteries, with a light switch to switch it on and a 30A ATM fuse.


Spare battery with red Anderson connector cable routed to a switch and electronics bin on a workbench


Additionally, we made an active CAN bus, with firmware updated for each of our CAN device types and licenses assigned to both 3847 and 8515. This includes a Falcon, Kraken, CANivore, CANcoder, Pidgeon 2.0, and LaserCAN. We have additional unregulated, 5V, and 12V power available for any additional devices needing configuration or offboard testing.


Spare electronics bin with CTR Pigeon 2.0, CANivore, and two Kraken/Falcon motors wired and ready


Houston Upgrades

Full purple competition robot with LED-lit amp mechanism and sponsor logo panel on the front bumper

Here is a list of things that are different from Belton to Houston:

  • New LEDS on old Climber Bar

  • Total of 4 Limelights for better pose estimation

  • Fully Metal Gearbox instead of 3D-Printed on Intake

  • New Intake rollers

  • Sector on Launcher Gear is steel instead of aluminum

  • Launching using vision, no longer using setpoints

  • Completly redigned climber to get trap mechanism higher above the lower lip

  • More refined amp trap

  • Using Elastic dashboard instead of Shuffleboard.

Days 78-79 Houston District Event Recap

 Alliance photo of three FRC teams with robots 3847, 9478, and 8144 posed on stage under Crescendo banners

Results:

District Event Finalist

Industrial Design Award


Last weekend, Spectrum competed at the Houston District Event. We went 10-7-0 overall, and finished ranked 4th. We won every playoff match in the upper bracket and lost both finals. Thank you to our alliance captain 9478 Robo-Colts and our alliance partner 8144 Red Chair Robotics!


We were honored to be awarded the Industrial Design Award.

Team Spectrum 3847 group photo in purple hoodies holding an award plaque and trophy backstage

Failures and Fixes:

Ultraviolet held up very well at this event. We only had two small mechanical failures.


Failure: One side of our launcher’s sector gear popped out of its gear for a moment on a heavy impact. It did not affect our ability to launch.

Fix: Added a steel plate to the inside of sector gear on that side to prevent this from happening again.


Failure: We bent our frame on our intake side on a heavy impact. It did not affect our ability to intake.

Fix: Replaced it to practice, and time the fix. We discovered that replacing the intake-side rails took around 45 minutes to replace, which was longer than we would like. To address this, we considered several options, one of which was having a complete intake spare ready to be swapped in. However, we decided against relying on having time to replace the intake and instead be able to run multiple matches with bent rails. We are changing some mounting locations for a camera, and some intake geometry to make this work.


Controls update:

Autonomous

We ran our center sub 6 note most matches. We tuned it during the event until it consistently scored 5-6 notes throughout playoffs. We ran our less tuned source side 4 a couple times in qualifications as well.


Vision

  • Found that right limelight was for some reason noticeably worse than the others so we disabled pose from that camera for the event

  • Found that integrating pose from different cameras at once will make pose less stable (each camera is reading a slightly different pose at the same time) --> planned change: use one at a time based on which one is closer/seeing more tags


Code changes

  • Altered amp timing- Sometimes our amp button would feed the note too far, spitting the note all the way out or just too far to score. We decreased the amount of time it should feed, and that improved the issue.

  • Increased climb speed to maximum (when we realized it wasn’t already at maximum for some reason)

  • Our feeding shot worked despite vision issues; we could feed to the area near the amp from anywhere near the midline. Here’s an example; in this match the notes landed too far from the driver station wall and one hit the stage, so we increased launch velocity after this match.


More

  • Elastic worked much better than shuffleboard and was a good switch

  • Again no really big control failures so changes were gradual and minor to avoid regressions


Other notes

Shoutout to our media team, they absolutely killed it this event. Check out our Smugmug to see their work.


Our trap never failed at this event. Here’s a 10 second climb+trap.


Planned Improvements:

  • Improve auto aim until it is nearly 100% accurate. The plan so far is to retune pivot (much faster now), launcher (much more consistent now), rotation controller (faster and less overshooting); remake our data points much more accurately and with many more points. At events, feed good shots back into the data map (we did a little bit of this towards playoffs at Houston but should do more of it); refine pose strategy to be able to better know where we are (overall at Houston pose was much more jumpy than the silent stuff we saw at Belton); maybe move away from using pose for aiming (instead using vertical and horizontal offsets from the speaker tags). Since speaker launching was not 100% accurate at Houston, our drivers were turned off of using it often.

  • Add second sensor to prevent amp overfeeding issue

  • Fully automate climb sequence (including alignment)

  • Change intake slightly to ensure intaking with bent rail always works

Day 82: Design Recap

 These were made on Tuesday, sorry for the late post.

Drivetrain slide covering swerve module bolts that fell out at Houston and plans for purple bumpersIntake slide noting bent rails from Houston and plan to add a tube note guard above the rollersLauncher slide: reinforced a tilted mount with a steel plate after a hard impact at HoustonAmpTrap slide describing a new silicone-free roller test and plan to add a laserCAN mounting plateClimber slide with photos of a 3D printer producing hook spacers and the climber frame with note blockersControls slide describing the hyper-optimized 6-note auto and a secondary source-side 4-note auto

Other controls items we are working on

  • Improved pose/vision aiming

  • Faster amp scoring

  • Improved feeding/passing auto-aiming

  • Faster climb/trap sequence

Days 90-92 Texas District Championship - Apollo Division Event Recap


Results:

  • Division Finalist
  • Autonomous Award

Last weekend, we competed at the Houston District Event in the Apollo division. We went undefeated throughout qualifications, ranked 1st, and played through the upper bracket until we lost both finals matches. We ended up with a 15-2-0 record. Thank you to our alliance partners 148 RoboWranglers and 8874 Cybirds!

We were grateful to be recognized with the Autonomous Award for the second time this season.

Failures and Fixes:

We only had a few small mechanical failures.

Failure: Polycarbonate battery box broke.
Fix: Used the machine shop to make metal replacements. Will make proper replacements at the lab.

Failure: A plate holding up the mounting rail broke, but it didn’t affect anything. Same with a slightly bent rail on one of the sides.
Fix: We will replace the plate

Failure: Our blue bumpers drooped more than our red set, making intaking in auto slightly less consistent in a few matches on blue.
Fix: Re stapled fabric, will redo the blue set at the lab.

Failure: A tooth on one of the sector gears bent when we trapped one match because the pivot angle was slightly low.
Fix: Replaced it with a spare.

Controls update:

-Autonomous-
We ran our center sub 6.5 note or alternative 6 note only using odometry and preconfigured pivot angles. When it wasn’t countered by a faster auto, it ran very well, but only having a 6.5 and alt autos led to a significant disadvantage during playoffs.

-Vision-

  • Limelight megatag2 update came out during field calibration. Pose was much better and more stable than megatag1 so we were able trust vision a lot more and drop standard deviations by 50%
    • Kept our old pose logic for integrating megatag1 rotation and used megatag2 only for translation
    • Results seemed good throughout all our matches but we only had about an hour in field cal left so we should do more testing at the lab to see what can be improved / see when things fail/get unreliable
  • Cleaned camera lens every couple of matches and didn’t have issues with a Limelight being unreliable like at Houston so we were able to use all our 3G’s for pose this event
  • The blue source tags had the giant bright screen behind them so they were hard to read sometimes (no real fix we could do other than dropping exposure)
  • Vision launching was much better this event. we still missed shots but were mostly because pose hadn’t corrected fast enough (which got better over the event as we adjusted vision integration logic)

-Weirdly specific miscellaneous things-

  • Automatic climb sequence was nice and very fast
  • Fixed the 0.5-1.0 second delay coming out of auto into teleop (pretty sure we fixed it by loading some classes earlier at robot init but not exactly sure)
  • Probably fixed the weird bug where auton motor outputs would continue into teleop (ex: launching an auto note at the very start of teleop) by letting our default motor commands run in disabled
  • Changed CANbus references from looking for canivore’s name to looking for the first canivore the robot recognizes to avoid issue another team had where CANbus boots into a default mode
  • Prolicensed the pivot CANcoder (was running unlicensed the entire time) and had to retune PID because the pivot started to oscillate (which is a little confusing)

-Lots of minor changes-

  • Gamepad changes
  • Vision logic changes
  • Logging changes

Planned Improvements:

  • Fix blue bumpers to decrease droop
  • Make more autonomouses
  • Strategy and driveteam stuff
  • Replace polycarb plates that have become cracked over the course of the season
  • Game piece detection in tele and auto
  • Incorporate shooting with vision into auto
  • Pose realignment after being hit in auto

World Championship - Curie Division Event Recap

 Team Spectrum 3847 group photo in purple hoodies around robot 3847 on a cart at the World Championship venue

Results:

Excellence in Engineering Award

We ranked 4th, was the 1st pick of the 1st alliance, and were eliminated in our third playoff match. We ended up with a 9-4-0 record. Thank you to our alliance partners 2200 MMRambotics, 2137 The Oxford RoboCats, and 503 Frog Force!

For the first time in our team’s history, we were awarded the Excellence in Engineering Award, completing our robot award hexfecta. We are extremely grateful to be recognized with this award at the Worlds level. 

Failures and Fixes

Failure: The bottom intake roller was somehow missing one of its bolts during our first match. Oops. We managed to play normally until around 0:40 left, when a defender pushed us up onto the roller and stayed there so we couldn’t move until they moved away. 

Fix: longer bolts and ensure they are tight between each match (loctite isn’t an option because of polycarb)

Close-up of the launcher shooter wheel and note guide mounted at the top of the robot frame


Failure: Intake stopped spinning during our practice match because debris and carpet got tangled in it in the form of a gray and orange hair ball. 

Fix: check for that before every match. 


Failure: The competition fields used Batch 2 notes, which are significantly harder than Batch 1 or 3 notes. At some point, our Batch 1 notes started getting stuck in our intake during system checks. It would feed correctly if intake was pressed again. We never noticed the issue during matches. 

Fix: Replaced lower frame tube.

Close-up of the orange amp trap ring and purple polycarbonate side panel with mounted rollers


Failure: Max planetary output stage shattered during system check.

Fix: Replaced the output stage

Close-up of a cracked hex bearing bore on a white gearbox mounting plate with several bolts

Failure: After receiving some double defense late in the event, our indexer plate cracked, allowing the indexer motor to wiggle and slowing one or two of our feed launches. 

Fix: Zip tied everything together. It worked. In the future we’ll need to replace the plate.


Controls

There is too much to cover when it comes to autonomous, so it will get its own dedicated post later.

During our last match we had a false positive on our LaserCAN during our trap sequence. This caused the robot to believe we had a note in the amp-trap mechanism and we climbed.


End of season 

EPA rank: 22nd Worldwide, 2nd in Texas